The California Gold Rush begins, the Eskimo Pie is patented, Jackie Robinson is elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame, and the first Apple Macintosh goes on sale, all on this day.
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Library of Congress
1993: U.S. Supreme Court Justice Thurgood Marshall, who became the first black Supreme Court justice in 1967, dies of heart failure at the age of 84 in Bethesda, Md. Marshall served on the court for 24 years, compiling a liberal record that included strong support for Constitutional protection of individual rights, especially the rights of criminal suspects against the government.