"Don Quixote" is first published, Prohibition is ratified and goes into effect, Hitler moves underground, and the space shuttle Columbia takes off for the last time, all on this day.
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Public domain
1547: Ivan IV Vasilyevich, aka Ivan the Terrible, becomes the Tsar of Russia at the age of 16. His long reign, until his death in 1584, saw the conquest of the Kazan, Astrakhan and Siberia, transforming Russia into a multiethnic state spanning almost one billion acres.