Billboard publishes its first music chart, Sputnik falls to Earth, The Beatles record together for the last time, and Nancy Pelosi becomes the first female speaker of the House, all on this day.
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Library of Congress
1960: French author Albert Camus dies in an automobile accident at age 46 in Villeblevin, France. Camus was one of the founders of the philosophy known as absurdism and the second-youngest recipient of the Nobel Prize in Literature, after Rudyard Kipling.