Charles Darwin embarks on the HMS Beagle, "Howdy Doody" makes its TV debut, Apollo 8 splashes down after orbiting the Moon, and the Soviet Union occupies Afghanistan, all on this day.
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Public domain
1822: Scientist Louis Pasteur, one of the most important founders of medical microbiology, is born in Dole, France. He is remembered for his breakthroughs in the causes and preventions of diseases. He also created the first vaccines for rabies and anthrax, but is best known to the general public for inventing a method to stop milk and wine from causing sickness, a process that came to be called pasteurization.