Mark Twain is born, Lucy and Desi elope, civil war breaks out in Palestine, Bing and Bowie sing a Christmas duet, and Michael Jackson's "Thriller" is released, all on this day.
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1786: Peter Leopold Joseph of Habsburg-Lorraine, grand duke of Tuscany, promulgates a penal reform making his country the first state to abolish the death penalty. Consequently, Nov. 30 is commemorated by 300 cities around the world as "Cities for Life Day."