The Erie Canal opens, the Pony Express closes, Wyatt Earp shoots it out in Tombstone, "Baby Fae" gets a baboon heart, and the Patriot Act is signed into law, all on this day.
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U.S. Navy
1944: World War II's Battle of Leyte Gulf in the Philippines ends with an overwhelming American victory. The battle, the largest naval battle in history, is also notable as the first battle in which Japanese aircraft carried out organized kamikaze attacks.